Dr. Troedsson received his DVM degree in 1975 from The Royal Veterinary College in Stockholm. He worked as a private practitioner from 1975 to 1987, when he enrolled in doctoral studies at the University of California, Davis. He graduated with a PhD in Reproductive Immunology from UCD in 1991, and stayed on as a clinical instructor in equine reproduction for the next two years. Dr. Troedsson was hired as an Assistant Professor at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota in 1993 and was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in 1998. While at the University of Minnesota, he served as Director of Equine Research as well as Director of the Large Animal Hospital. Dr. Troedsson moved to the University of Florida in 2002 as Professor and Service Chief of Theriogenology, as well as Director of Equine Research Programs. In 2008, Dr. Troedsson was recruited to the University of Kentucky as Director of Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center and Department Chair of Veterinary Science. During a sabbatical leave from the University of Kentucky at the conclusion of his term as Director and Department Chair, Dr. Troedsson lead the efforts as a Consulting Director between 2015 and 2018, to develop a new Equine Veterinary Medical Center (EVMC) at Qatar Foundation in Doha, Qatar. He is currently a Professor of Equine Reproduction at Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, and an Honorary Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and Reproduction at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark.

Dr. Troedsson is Board certified in the American College of Theriogenologist and the European College of Animal Reproduction. He has mentored 17 veterinarians in their training to become board certified in Theriogenology, 12 PhD and MS students, 8 post-doctoral fellows and multiple visiting scientists in his laboratory. Dr. Troedsson is the author and co-author of more than 180 peer-reviewed scientific articles in addition to over 350 professional articles, abstracts and book chapters. His research interest involves equine endometritis, the interaction between semen and the female reproductive tract, biology of seminal proteins, and diagnostics of equine placentitis. He has also been involved in research on assisted reproduction and wild life-reproduction.