Bernd Driessen is Full Professor at the School of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania. He received his DVM from Free University of Berlin in 1988 and completed his doctorate in neuropharmacology with a Dr. med. vet. degree (Ph.D. equivalent) at the same university in 1991 after completing his experimental studies at the laboratories of Grünenthal Pharmaceuticals in Aachen, Germany. From 1991 to 1995 he held the position of an Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the Albert-Ludwig’s University of Freiburg’s Medical School and obtained his board certification in pharmacology and toxicology from the German Veterinary Medical Association. In 1998 Bernd completed a residency in anesthesia & critical patient care at the University of California-Davis’ School of Veterinary Medicine. He is boarded with the European College of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology and with the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, and is currently teaching veterinary anesthesia and pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania. His research focuses on the development of and treatment with hemoglobin-based blood substitutes, techniques of loco-regional anesthesia & analgesia, and the pharmacology of new anesthetic and analgesic drugs.